Prosthetic embodiment: systematic review on definitions, measures, and experimental paradigms

The term embodiment, often used as a metric of the progress made in prosthetic technologies and a hallmark for user acceptance, has often been left undefined or described incongruently within literature. We reviewed prosthetic embodiment literature and found that prosthetic embodiment is best described as a combination of ownership and agency. We further provide recommendations on how to best measure ownership and agency to create a common reference for further discussions about embodiment within prosthetics research.